Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Chapter 1: The blooming season of azalea -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 2: Faith does not believe in destiny -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 3: Happiness is important -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 4: A song, sung for 80 years -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 5: The best cases of poverty reduction worldwide -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 6: A story with temperature (1) -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 7: A story with temperature (2) -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 8: Fattening the hens -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 9: The dreaming peach township is not a dream -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 10: The Function of '人' and '一' -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 11: The 'plane tree' effect (1) -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 12: The 'Plane tree' effect (2) -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Chapter 13: The 'plane tree' effect (3) -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 14: Clear stream like painting -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 15: There is a work called 'Giving' -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 16: There is a spirit called dedication -- I -- II -- Chapter 17: There is a kind of dedication, called sacrifice -- I -- II -- Chapter 18: Azalea in full bloom -- Postscript -- Copyright.

In the rapidly changing business world, only a small percentage of firms are able to survive and prosper despite recessions, industrial evolutions and economic changes. An often-asked question is: What determines a firm's sustainable competitive advantage? One of the most popular competitive strategies is partnering with other firms. So: How do firms make intelligent and informed decisions when it comes to selecting business partners, to utilizing available resources and capabilities in partnerships, and to managing relations to maximize partnership benefits? This book studies 300 firms across various industries, providing readers with a comprehensive view of how firms develop sustainable competitive advantages by establishing business partnerships. Young academics and experienced researchers alike will find solid theoretical foundations and fresh business insights.

Abstract
While post-disaster rebuilding is an urgent task for affected areas, an approach without consideration for climate protection will probably lead to another disaster of carbon lock-in. Therefore, policymaking and implementation are critically important. This paper takes the Guangyuan prefecture as a case study, where the local government took the lead in low-carbon initiative and made a great contribution to low-carbon development. Based on long-term field investigations and semi-structured interviews, using the theory of multi-level governance, it discusses policy formation and implementation in the Guangyuan prefecture, and how the governance system promoted an environment-and-climate-friendly rebuilding. The results demonstrate the urgency of carbon decoupling in post-disaster-rebuilding and the significance of an effective governance system. This provides insight to the contemporary world that post-disaster rebuilding is not only a revitalization of the affected areas, but a comprehensive undertaking to avoid other possible disasters and ensure a sustainable future.

Traffic signal systems are an essential tool for traffic management in road networks. For the design of traffic signal control, it is not only necessary to address the diverse requirements from different road users but also to consider the various impacts on traffic flow quality, traffic safety, environment, and economic efficiency. However, current evaluation methods for road traffic signal control, such as the assessment of the level of service in guidelines and performance indices in optimisation methods, often evaluate from the one-dimensional perspective - mainly traffic-related aspects. Decisions made accordingly often lack a fair balance of different impacts on all road user groups. Therefore, this thesis aims to address this gap by developing an evaluation method for road traffic signal control that incorporates multidimensional criteria for various road users in a unified framework, hereby termed as "Darmstadt Method of Traffic Signal Evaluation (D-MoTSE)". Its applicability is analysed through case studies. As a basis for the method development, the basics of traffic signal control and evaluation methods were reviewed and discussed. The literature review concentrates on answering three questions: how to design a traffic signal program, which criteria and road user groups are relevant and how they are considered in the existing evaluation methods. Multiple parameters corresponding to traffic flow quality, traffic safety and environmental impacts are selected as the evaluation criteria in the developed evaluation method. The traffic-related parameters are distinguished for different traffic modes. The multidimensional evaluation criteria are first determined using appropriate simulation or calculation methods. Later on, they are converted into monetary values using established cost rates, and further aggregated to calculate the total cost. During the aggregation, particular weighting factors can be applied to reflect the political or planning preferences for specific criteria or road user groups. The cost and weighting factors can be adjusted dynamically under different situations. Superordinate effects that are of high significance at a macroscopic level can be taken into consideration as and when necessary and in the case that the relevant data are available. The developed evaluation method was applied to four individual traffic signal systems in the City of Darmstadt, Germany, as case studies. The results show that the number of persons that are present at a traffic signal system has a significant impact on the design of traffic signal control. The distribution of the related cost components differs significantly depending on the type of intersection and the traffic signal program. Furthermore, energy consumption and environmental costs take up at least one-third of the total cost, and therefore, should not be neglected in the evaluation of traffic signal control. The evaluation results can be used for comparing alternative traffic signal programs and selecting the optimum solution among them. Recommendations for designing traffic signal control can be derived accordingly. At signalised pedestrian crossings, integration into the coordination with neighbouring intersections can significantly reduce the delay costs for motorised private transport but may lead to higher costs for crossing pedestrians (and cyclists). A signal program with coordination is the optimum solution under the equal weighting of all evaluation criteria. Higher particular weight for pedestrians (and cyclists) is necessary to further reduce the delays for crossing pedestrians (and cyclists). However, it should be emphasised that generally particular weights should only be adjusted moderately in special cases with the support of plausible planning or political reasons. At signalised intersections, it can be observed that public transport priority can but does not necessarily cause disadvantages for the whole traffic. Instead, it leads to a shift of delays from public transport to other modes. The case studies revealed that no general recommendations can be provided for the design of traffic signal control at signalised intersections. The appropriate solution varies from case to case. A further implementation of the developed evaluation method in practice can assist transport engineers and authorities with the development, optimisation, revision and quality management of traffic signal control, both in the planning and operation stage. The chances and the challenges for its implementation are discussed in this thesis.

Brachgefallene Industrieflächen und ihre Folgenutzungen können das Bild der Städte und Gemeinden nachteilig, aber auch vorteilhaft beeinflussen. Sie wirken sich aus auf die Lebensqualität der Bewohner und wirken auf die Attraktivität eines Wirtschaftsstandortes. Der Umgang mit Industriebrachflächen ist daher für die wirtschaftliche, kulturelle und politische Zukunft einer Stadt von besonderer Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmete sich dem in europäischen Städten alten, aber in chinesischen Städten relativ neuen Thema der Stadtentwicklung und Stadterneuerung mit Fokus auf die Innenstadt in Shanghai und der Umnutzung ihrer brachgefallenen Industriebauten und Flächen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, das Spektrum der Umnutzungspolitik aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln zu diskutieren und auszuwerten, um einen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen (Weiter-)Entwicklung bestehender Umnutzungsprojekte oder der zukünftigen Umnutzung in chinesischen Städten zu leisten. Den Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildet die Analyse zahlreicher Einflussfaktoren auf eine Umnutzung anhand von 218 Beispielen in Shanghai, von denen drei im Weiteren einer tiefergehenden Betrachtung unterzogen wurden. In den Fokus rückte dabei die Auseinandersetzung mit der Rolle und dem Potenzial der Einflussfaktoren und der Vorgehensweise bei der Umnutzung und ihrer nachhaltigen Weiterentwicklung. In einem ersten Schritt wurden der Wissensstand und die bisherigen Umgangsweisen im Bezug auf Industriebrachflächen und ihrer Umnutzung in Deutschland und China dargelegt. Dadurch wurde gezeigt, dass ehemalige Industrieflächen wieder nutzbar zu machen oder die bestehenden Umnutzungsprojekte weiter zu betreiben einen multidisziplinären Zugang fordert. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit wurde zunächst eine Sammlung von realisierten Beispielen aus Shanghai behandelt. Basierend auf den Analysen der Industrieentwicklung und Stadtentwicklung Shanghais mit Berücksichtigung der wirtschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und politischen Veränderungen wurden die Rahmenbedingungen und ihre Veränderung sowie die Phasen des Umgangs mit Industriebrachflächen aufgezeigt. Daran schloss sich die Untersuchung repräsentativer Beispiele mit den folgenden Schwerpunkten an: Analysen und Bewertungen der städtebaulichen Rahmenbedingungen und Qualitäten, Nutzungs- und Gestaltungsqualität sowie Instrumente des Managements, die zur Qualität und zum Weiterentwicklungspotential der Umnutzung beitragen. Ausgehend von den Untersuchungen wurden in der Arbeit Handlungsempfehlungen und Strategien formuliert, die zur Realisierung zukünftiger Umnutzungsprojekte oder einer nachhaltigen Weiterentwicklung der bestehenden Umnutzungen in China beitragen können. Den Abschluss dieser Arbeit bildete ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung bezüglich der Umnutzung von Industriebrachen in solchen chinesischen Städten, in denen man heute noch wenige Industriebrachflächen vorfindet aber in der Zukunft die Sozial- und Kulturphänomene einer postindustriellen Stadt beobachten können wird.

In this paper, we develop heterogeneous agent models with equilibrium unemployment to study the optimal taxation and labour wedge. We find that the the presence of profits plays an important role in the determination of both optimal tax policy and labour wedge. Judd-Chamley optimal zero capital tax result can still hold in the model without profits. The optimal labour wedge is zero in the long run. This results in welfare gains of all agents and there is no conflict of interests between agents. But the Benthamite government chooses to subsidise the capital income in the long run in the model with profits due to the presence of productive public investment. The resulting labour wedge is non-zero which generates welfare losses of workers despite welfare gains of capitalists. The government also faces a trade-off between efficiency and equity in this model.

Scholars both Chinese and foreign were, are, and will be studying central-local relations in China, but China still functions with problems. This paper reviews central-local relations in China and reveals that scholars have mistakenly named "central-local relations" when the proper classification is political and economic. Meanwhile, this paper shows that relations between the center and localities function like federalism with regard to the economy yet as a unitary state politicically. So, scholars study political and economic relations separately, and there will be two types of measures for central-local relations. Since the birth of the People's Republic of China, scholars have sought to make central-local relations in China function well,, but this goal is an uphill climb in a country with many difficulties. Thus, researching this theme never stops. In the long history of research, there are two different periods to discern, one is before the time of informing and opening China, the other is after. Consequently, research gathered at each time are different. However, the problem is that both cannot have given effective measures making central-local relations working well. Therefore, scholars must rethink and re-realize the research to discover the problems inherent in the research and how to resolve and avoid it. This paper tells us several important things:1.What are central-local relations in China? This basic question was unfortunately ignored by many scholars, especially after reforming and opening. This paper reinterprets what comprises central-local relations in China and identifies its qualities for the reader.2.What is the situation of researching central-local relations in China? There are two main and different perspectives researching this theme: "local" and "overseas." Scholars of the local school clearly realized differences between China and western countries and tired to find a countermeasure. Conversely. scholars of the overseas school pointed out that we must have learned from the federalism-oriented western countries of federalism. the local nor overseas perspectives are completely correct. The key is which can interpret and solve problems of central-local relations in China.3.What are measures for us? For us, giving measures is much more important than just defining problems.Thus, we must seek new research methods that are suitable for actuality of China.

Scholars both Chinese and foreign were, are, and will be studying central-local relations in China, but China still functions with problems. This paper reviews central-local relations in China and reveals that scholars have mistakenly named "central-local relations" when the proper classification is political and economic. Meanwhile, this paper shows that relations between the center and localities function like federalism with regard to the economy yet as a unitary state politicically. So, scholars study political and economic relations separately, and there will be two types of measures for central-local relations.
Since the birth of the People's Republic of China, scholars have sought to make central-local relations in China function well, but this goal is an uphill climb in a country with many difficulties. Thus, researching this theme never stops. In the long history of research, there are two different periods to discern, one is before the time of informing and opening China, the other is after. Consequently, research gathered at each time are different. However, the problem is that both cannot have given effective measures making central-local relations working well. Therefore, scholars must rethink and re-realize the research to discover the problems inherent in the research and how to resolve and avoid it. This paper tells us several important things:
1. What are central-local relations in China? This basic question was unfortunately ignored by many scholars, especially after reforming and opening. This paper reinterprets what comprises central-local relations in China and identifies its qualities for the reader.
2. What is the situation of researching central-local relations in China? There are two main and different perspectives researching this theme: "local" and "overseas." Scholars of the local school clearly realized differences between China and western countries and tired to find a countermeasure. Conversely. scholars of the overseas school pointed out that we must have learned from the federalism-oriented western countries of federalism. the local nor overseas perspectives are completely correct. The key is which can interpret and solve problems of central-local relations in China.
3. What are measures for us? For us, giving measures is much more important than just defining problems. Thus, we must seek new research methods that are suitable for actuality of China.